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The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
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France

Véronique Magnier

Paris XI Law School

France has long-established procedures for approved consumer organizations bringing actions to defend general consumer or investor interests, involving injunctive relief, but debate on the introduction of collective damages actions has yet to resolve into reform. Traditional principles oppose an opt-out approach.

Key Words: civil law • group litigation • ECHR procedural principles • opt-out • class action • contingency fees • consumer law • securities regulation • competition law

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 622, No. 1, 114-124 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0002716208328332
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