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Enforcing Administrative Ethics

JOSEPH C. SANDS

In seeking to maintain high standards of ethical behavior by public administrators, agencies rely on a wide variety of enforcement mechanisms. These fall into three main categories: (1) codes of ethics, including laws, professional rules, and whistleblower statutes; (2) what might be called ethics police, with specific responsibilities to oversee ethical standards; and (3) cultural strategies, efforts to forge organizational climates conducive to ethical behavior. Though all have proved useful in some respects, none can be considered fully satisfactory, at least not in the sense that it alone can be expected to ensure organizational morality. Codes of ethics need to work hand in hand with proactive managerial strategies, which in turn need to be bolstered by external checks on behavior.

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